Bhuban Pegu, a 42-year-old farmer from Dhemaji District, Assam, is the sole provider for his family of four. His journey into vegetable farming began at the age of 15 when a devastating flood in 1989 rendered his land unsuitable for rice cultivation. Determined to adapt, Bhuban and his father began experimenting with various vegetables suited to their region’s soil and climate.
After years of trial and refinement, Bhuban ventured into commercial vegetable and fruit farming in 2015. Over time, he expanded his land holdings, acquiring 20 bighas for an orchard and employing multiple laborers. His farm is now home to a diverse range of produce, including chillies, tomatoes, strawberries, and a dedicated 4-bigha organic papaya plantation.
A Commitment to Experimentation and Sustainable Practices
Bhuban is deeply invested in agricultural experimentation. He continuously tests crop varieties to determine the best fit for his soil and climatic conditions, aiming for maximum productivity. Conscious of the harmful effects of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, he relies on natural and organic solutions.
To enrich his soil, Bhuban integrates livestock into his farm. His 30 cows provide dung and urine for organic fertilizers, while his pigs, ducks, and chickens contribute to the nutrient cycle. By effectively utilizing animal waste to fertilize crops, he has established a successful Integrated Farming System in his region.
Organic Papaya Cultivation
Although limited pesticide use is sometimes necessary for vegetables due to pest outbreaks, Bhuban ensures his 4-bigha papaya cultivation remains fully organic. He avoids synthetic chemicals, relying instead on farm-generated compost and manure, which he derives from cow and pig dung, urine, and crop residues.
Seed quality plays a crucial role in achieving high yields. Bhuban sources premium seeds locally from the Silapathar District, with varieties like Sapna, Sinta, and Red Royale thriving in his orchard. The availability of high-quality seeds within Assam marks a significant step forward for the state’s farming sector.
Efficient Irrigation Methods
Bhuban meets his farm’s irrigation needs using a water pump, stating that vegetables require minimal water. Given Assam’s humid climate, two to three timely irrigations are sufficient.
Recognizing his efforts, the state government has approved the installation of a solar water pump on Bhuban’s farm. This initiative will not only reduce electricity costs but also provide a sustainable irrigation solution for him and nearby farmers.
Expanding Market Reach
Bhuban’s produce is distributed across various districts of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. While he has built a strong local market presence, he now aims to expand into larger national markets by increasing his yield and scaling up production. He made an annual profit of around 15 lakhs from his vegetable and fruit products.
He notes that vegetable prices tend to decline between January and March, as many households cultivate their own seasonal produce. However, from April onward, summer vegetables fetch better prices. To prepare for the upcoming season, Bhuban has already begun land preparation for cucurbit cultivation. His greenhouse facility plays a crucial role in ensuring uniform and timely seedling growth, further enhancing crop productivity.
Challenges and Message to Young Farmers
Bhuban’s agricultural journey has been fraught with challenges. From the catastrophic 1989 floods to the 2021 hailstorm, which led to losses amounting to Rs 4.5 lakh in king chilli cultivation, he has endured multiple setbacks.
Despite these hardships, Bhuban remains resilient and believes in working in harmony with nature. He acknowledges the support from Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and state agricultural departments, which have provided guidance, training, and demonstrations during difficult times.
Emphasizing the role of education in modern farming, Bhuban advocates for agricultural awareness among the youth. He asserts that educated farmers are better equipped to utilize pesticides correctly, adopt innovative farming technologies, and adapt to evolving agricultural practices. While farming may seem challenging initially, he believes that once young farmers experience its rewards, they will develop a deep appreciation for the process.
He also believes that young farmers should not only focus on selling raw farm produce but also explore opportunities for value addition, which can significantly enhance their earnings.
Bhuban Pegu’s journey is a testament to innovation, perseverance, and sustainable farming. By integrating organic practices with livestock-based farming, he has set a remarkable example for his community. His success highlights the importance of adaptability, government support, and education in modern agriculture. As he continues to expand his reach, Bhuban’s story serves as an inspiration for farmers aspiring to embrace integrated and organic farming methods.
